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@#Abstract: Objective This study aims to explore the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the adults in Hainan Province, and to provide scientific basis for MS prevention and control. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select 3 690 permanent residents aged 18 years and above in Hainan Province. The survey was conducted by trained investigators using household appointments and centralized surveys. A questionnaire survey, physical measurement, and laboratory examination were conducted after the collection of blood samples. The processed samples were then tested by a quality-controlled laboratory. Finally, we analysed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationship with population characteristics and health-related behaviors. Results The crude prevalence of MS in the population aged 18 and above in Hainan province was 19.46% and the standardized prevalence was 13.21%, with a higher rate in urban areas (22.21%) than in rural areas (18.13%). The prevalence of MS increased with age (P<0.001), and there were significant differences in MS prevalence among different marital and occupational statuses (P<0.01). Logistic regression results indicated that the age groups of 40-<50 years (OR=2.986, 95%CI:1.355-6.580), 50-<60 years (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.715-8.151), 60-<70 years (OR=3.890, 95%CI: 1.769-8.556), 70 years and above (OR=3.927, 95%CI: 1.758-8.771), technical, transportation and production personnel (OR=1.579, 95%CI: 1.033-2.412), retired (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.415-2.259), unemployed (OR=1.503, 95%CI: 1.044-2.165), smoking cessation (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.162-2.154), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.005-1.422), and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.437, 95%CI: 1.155-1.787) were all associated with the prevalence of MS. Among the investigated subjects, 30.22% of them had one abnormal component, with hyperglycemia being the highest (54.44%); 24.25% of them had two abnormal components, with "hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (33.30%); and 19.46% had three or more components, with "overweight/obesity + hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (24.79%). Conclusions The prevalence of MS in Hainan Province is on the rise, and effective lifestyle intervention measures are needed to reduce the risk of MS.
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@#Abstract: Objective To explore the regional, age and annual characteristics of distribution and variation trend of children and adolescents with poor vision in Hainan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of targeted and effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The eyesight monitoring data of 5 657 231 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 from 17 cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed. Using the "Standard Logarithmic Vision Chart" (GB11533-2011) that complies with national standards for testing. Results The rate of poor vision among children and adolescents in Hainan Province increased significantly from 2013 to 2020, and the difference between the years was statistically significant (P<0.001). The total poor vision rate in the left eye increased 10.09% (32.79% to 42.88%), and that of severe poor vision rate increased 6.68%, while that of the right eye increased 9.80% (33.11% to 42.91%) and 6.49%. The poor vision rate was significantly higher in females than in males of same year (P<0.001), but the increase pattern was the same. In 2020, there were significant differences between the same age groups in different cities and counties and between different age groups in the same city and county (P<0.001), and they all tended to increase with age. The result of analyzing the distribution characteristics of the total poor vision rate of different age groups children in the eastern (Qionghai), southern (Sanya), western (Changjiang), northern (Haikou) and central (Dingan) cities showed that the regional rate difference was small at 6-7 years old, and then increased with the increase of age. The poor vision rate of Haikou City ranked the first in all age groups, and reached the highest at 17 years old, with 76.32% and 80.89% of total poor vision rate of left and right eyes respectively. Sanya City ranked second, Qionghai ranked third. The poor vision rate of Changjiang County was lower and the growth rate was slower according to age. Conclusions From 2013 to 2020, the total and severe poor vision rates in left and right eyes of children aged 6-19 in Hainan Province increased year by year, with the ascension range of female higher than that of male, and right eye higher than that of left eye. In the same year, the poor vision rate increase rapidly with age. It is recommended to further strengthen the daily intervention and management of key populations and special age groups to reduce the rate of low vision in children and adolescents.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics (season, age, gender, mixed infection and clinical manifestations, etc.) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children in Hainan Province, so as to provide epidemiological evidence-based medical basis for the prevention and control of MP infection in children in Hainan Province. Methods The serum IgM antibodies of MP, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Q fever Rickettsia, parainfluenza virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus in children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) who were hospitalized in pediatrics of many hospitals in Hainan Province from March 2012 to February 2020 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. The positive serum MP-IgM antibody was defined as MP infection. The epidemiological and clinical data of MP infected cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results From March, 2012 to February, 2020, a total of 35 731 qualified pediatric inpatients with RTIs in many hospitals in Hainan Province were tested for serum MP-IgM with the total positive rate of 39.12% (13 978/35 731). The yearly positive rates of MP-IgM from 2012 to 2020 were 48.39%, 56.23%, 56.62%, 47.04%, 29.71%, 24.14%, 47.55%, 36.84% and 24.46% respectively. The positive rates of MP-IgM in 2013 and 2014 were significantly higher than those in other years (P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-IgM in summer in Hainan Province was the highest (41.34%) and the lowest in winter (35.77%) (P<0.05). MP infection occurred in all age groups, the positive rate of MP-IgM in children of preschool (51.80%) was significantly higher than that in other age groups (P<0.01), and the positive rate of MP IgM in children of infancy (15.36%) was lower than that in other age groups (P<0.01). The positive rate of MP-IgM in female was 44.77%, which was significantly higher than that in male (35.83%) (P<0.05). MP infection combined with positive IgM of another pathogen accounted for 32.63% (4 561 cases), positive IgM of another two pathogens accounted for 1.26% (176 cases). MP infection was mostly found in pneumonia (68.73%), and the main clinical symptoms were cough (84.72%), fever (51.01%) and wheezing (3.16%). Conclusions MP is an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children in Hainan Province, and infection is more common in children in early school age and early childhood. Mp-specific tests should be performed to identify the pathogen in children suspected of MP infection. In the high incidence season, health education should be strengthened in kindergartens, schools and other places to prevent respiratory tract infection.
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@#Abstract: Objective To further investigate the underreporting of mortality surveillance data among permanent residents in Hainan Province in 2020, and to explore the application of Application of the Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action (ANACONDA) in the quality analysis of mortality surveillance. Methods The data were collected from the Death Information Monitoring and Management System of Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and mainly included 33 418 deaths reported from 19 cities and counties in Hainan Province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. All the data were analyzed by the application of ANACONDA, and the causes of death were classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Results A total of 33 418 deaths were reported in Hainan Province in 2020, with a crude mortality rate of 3.6‰. The proportion of deaths in males under 85 years old was higher than that in females, while the proportion of deaths in 85 years old and above was opposite. The quality analysis of cause of death surveillance showed that there was under-reporting of death surveillance in Hainan Province in 2020, with an under-reporting rate of 30.1%. There were differences in the age composition and GBD regional composition ratio of deaths of the three major categories of diseases, and the misreporting of causes of death in the middle and high age groups was more significant. The Vital Statistics Performance Index (VSPI) score of death data in Hainan Province in 2020 was 52.8, the score of cause of death reporting quality was 85.5, and the score of specific cause of death level that could be used was 88.4. The completeness of death reports in the priority action areas for improving cause of death data quality accounted for the largest share, followed by the quality of cause of death reports. There was a difference in the proportion of specific causes of death between males and females after the survey, but the change in order was not obvious. Conclusions The data integrity of cause-of-death surveillance is low in Hainan Province in 2020. It is suggested to improve the completeness of reporting data, strengthen the training of cause-of-death surveillance system, and regularly evaluate and supervise the system.
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@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotypes and regional distribution of Yersinia pestis strains in the natural plague foci of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province (referred to as "Hainan prefecture") and provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control in this area. Methods A total of 36 representative Yersinia pestis strains, which were isolated from different host animals and insect vectors from 1954 to 2009 in Hainan Prefecture, were selected as experimental subjects. The DNAs were extracted using the traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate decomposition and phenol-chloroform method. Three pairs of CRISPR primers (YPa, Ypb, YPc) were used for PCR amplification, sequencing and analysis of the DNA of the tested strains, respectively, as a means to identify the CRISPR genotypes of Yersinia pestis in Hainan Prefecture. Results A total of 17 spacers were observed among 36 strains of Yersinia pestis, including 9 of YPa, 5 of YPb and 3 of YPc. All strains were divided into 5 CRISPR gene clusters (Cb2, Cb4 ', Ca7, Ca7 ', Ca35 ') and 6 genotypes (G1, G9, G22, G22-A1 ', G26-A1 ', G26-A1 'A4 -). The G26-a1 ' was the main genotype, which was distributed in Gonghe, Guide and Xinghai County, and the G22 is the second type, which was distributed in Gonghe and Guide County. Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis strains in Hainan was high, and the regional distribution characteristics of Yersinia pestis strains with different genotypes were significant.
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@#Abstract: Objective To understand the mental health literacy level of residents in Hainan Province, and to provide evidence for promoting mental health promotion and improving the mental health literacy level of residents. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to investigate The National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire among 6 895 residents in 12 districts including Changjiang, Chengmai, Dongfang, Ledong, Lingshui, Haikou Longhua District, Haikou Meilan District, Qionghai, Sanya, Tunchang, Wenchang and Wuzhishan. Results In the survey 6 895 residents in 12 counties, cities, districts of Hainan Province, 365 of them reached the standard of mental health with the standard rate of 5.3%. The mental health knowledge score was (54.00±17.02) with the standard rate of 7.7%; the self-assessment score was (26.11±3.99) with the standard rate of 75.9%; the score of mental health skill was (26.22±7.25) with the standard rate of 44.8%. The mental health literacy level of medical workers was the highest, with the standard rate of 13.5% (112/830), and the mental health literacy level of farmers was the lowest, with the standard rate of 0.8% (13/1 647). The results of unconditional Logistic regression showed that the factors entering the regression model included educational background (OR=2.268), personal monthly income (OR=1.129), gender (OR=1.302), household registration (OR=0.776), and whether they had participated in mental health related courses OR training (OR=0.511). The higher the educational background and personal monthly income, the higher the psychological quality. The mental health of women was higher than that of men, and that of urban was higher than that of rural, and those who had participated in mental health related courses were higher than those who had not. Conclusions The mental health literacy level of Hainan residents is at a low level, and the influencing factors are multifaceted. It is suggested to strengthen the mental health monitoring comprehensively and carry out rich health education service mode for different groups.
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@#Abstract: Leprosy, as an important neglected tropical disease (NTDs), has a tremendous impact on the patients’body and psychology, families and society. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of epidemiology, genetic factors, immune mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of leprosy, and introduced the changes of national prevention and control policies and the prevention and control process of Hainan Province, so as to improve the clinical understanding among healthcare professionals. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) global annual leprosy situation report data, the number of new cases and the incidence rate of leprosy have been showing a downward trend worldwide. In China, the epidemic situation of leprosy remains in an overall low-endemic state. However, the long-standing low-endemic status of leprosy and its wide and uneven distribution pose challenges to the prevention and control of leprosy. The pathogenesis of leprosy is mainly related to skin barrier, immune deficiency, and related signaling pathways. Serological testing, cytokines, and microRNA markers can all be used to assist in the early diagnosis of leprosy, while also helping to distinguish different types of leprosy, predict leprosy reactions, evaluate efficacy, and monitor family contacts. The main treatment plan for leprosy involves combination chemotherapy with drugs recommended by the WHO, such as rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine and other drugs. Currently, the main prevention and treatment strategies for leprosy are early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, controlling the source of infection, protecting the healthy population, preventing the occurrence of deformity, and improving the quality of life after recovery. At present, Hainan Province as well as the whole country is in a low-epidemic state, but healthcare professionals still need to improve their awareness of prevention, reduce their incidence rate, and strive to achieve the goal of "zero leprosy" as soon as possible.
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Objective@#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine knowledge among women in Hainan Province and the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among women and their daughters, so as to provide insights into HPV vaccine promotion and cervical cancer control. @*Methods@#Women aged 20 to 64 years who participated in the cervical cancer screening program in Hainan Province from July 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled, and participants' demographics, awareness of knowledge about HPV vaccine, and willingness to receive HPV vaccination among themselves and their daughters using a questionnaire survey. The factors affecting willingness to receive HPV vaccination were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 4 300 questionnaires were allocated and 4 023 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.56%. The respondents had a mean age of (35.52±6.48) years, and their daughters had a mean age of (8.93±4.83) years. There were 826 participants knowing HPV vaccine-related knowledge, with an awareness rate of 20.35%. The proportions of willingness to receive HPV vaccination were 75.07% among respondents and 71.36% among their daughters. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (20 to <30 years, OR=1.474, 95%CI: 1.167-1.862; 30 to <40 years, OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.199-1.765), urban-registered residence (OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.016-1.541), monthly household income (3 000 to <5 000 Yuan, OR=1.568, 95%CI: 1.314-1.873; 5 000 Yuan and more, OR=1.231, 95%CI: 1.014-1.496), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.159-1.590; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.609, 95%CI: 1.188-2.180), and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=4.473, 95%CI: 3.416-5.855) as factors affecting respondents' willingness to receive HPV vaccination, and participation in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (OR=1.652, 95%CI: 1.087-2.511), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.905, 95%CI: 1.633-2.221; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.683, 95%CI: 1.275-2.223), awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=3.625, 95%CI: 2.847-4.615), daughter's active request for HPV vaccination (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.293-2.222), and frequency of sexual health education for daughters (frequently, OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.789-2.564; occasionally, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.416-2.059) as factors affecting the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among respondents' daughters. @*Conclusions@#The awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge is low among women aged 20 to 64 years in Hainan Province, and the women's and their daughters' willingness to receive HPV vaccination is associated with age, household registration, economic level, price of HPV vaccine and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge.
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@#AIM: To assess the association of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)gene polymorphisms(rs2010963 and rs3025039)with diabetic retinopathy(DR)in Li nationality type 2 diabetic(T2DM)patients in Hainan.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 89 patients with T2DM in the Li nationality in Hainan were randomly categorized(between 09/2016 to 10/2019)into three groups, 30 patients in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group, 33 patients in proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group, and 26 patients in T2DM without retinopathy(DWR)group as control. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine the polymorphism in the VEGF gene. Differences in allele frequencies and genotype frequencies between cases and controls were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the DWR group, the CC genotype of rs2010963 polymorphic site was significantly increased(<i>P</i><0.016667), and CG genotype was significantly decreased in PDR group(<i>P</i><0.016667). No significant differences were detected in the frequencies of genotype GG and C, G allele distribution among the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). Meanwhile, no significant differences were detected in the frequencies of genotype CC, CT, C, and T in rs3025039 among the three groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05). Plasma levels of serum urea and creatinine were significantly increased in PDR group compared to DWR and NPDR groups in Li nationality group in Hainan(all <i>P</i><0.05).CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of the VEGF gene(rs2010963)is associated with DR. CC genotype may be a genetic risk factor for the development of DR, increasing susceptibility to PDR. The rs2010963 related genotype is conferred risk and associated with higher susceptibilities of PDR.
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@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and genetic characterization of Blastocystis in primary and middle school students in Baisha Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, in order to understand the infection status of Blastocystis and its subtype distribution characteristics in this area. Methods From March to November 2021, fecal samples were collected from two primary and middle schools in Baisha Li Autonomous County. Nested PCR targeting the SSU rDNA was employed in this study, sequence analysis were performed to determine the prevalence and subtype. A neighbor-joining tree was built using Mega 7. Meanwhile, the risk factors of the Blastocystis infection among different grades and genders were evaluated. Results The infection rate of Blastocystis was 4.1% (13/314), there was no statistical difference in infection rates among genders and grades (P>0.05). Sequence analysis revealed that three Blastocystis subtypes were identified, namely ST3 (n=7), ST7 (n=4) and ST1 (n=2), all of which have zoonotic potential. Conclusions This is the first report of the identification of Blastocystis in humans in Hainan at the subtype level, and provide the basic data for the prevention and control of Blastocystis in this area. The zoonotic subtypes identified in this area indicated more studies should be taken in humans and various animals, to better evaluate the transmission of Blastocystis and provide scientific support for the prevention and control of Blastocystis.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in the bacterial resistance monitoring network in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide laboratory data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the etiological characteristics of BSI patients and drug resistance of commonly used drugs in clinical treatment were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 877 strains were isolated, including Gram-negative bacteria (584 strains, 66.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (239 strains, 27.2%) and fungi (54 strains, 6.2%); male patients (591 cases, 67.4%), female patients (286 cases, 32.6%); inpatients (780 cases, 88.9%), outpatient and emergency patients (97 cases, 11.1%); the main primary diseases of BSI patients were hypertension, cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes, and the main primary infections were pulmonary infection and urinary system infection. Intensive care unit (25.2%, 221 cases), emergency department (10.9%, 96 cases), oncology department (9.1%, 80 cases), nephrology department (6.8%, 60 cases) and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department (4.3%, 38 cases) had the highest proportion of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Viridans group streptococci and Candida albicans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.4%, 15.2% and 36.4% respectively. The carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was not checked out. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 18.5% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens of BSI, and inpatients are the main source of BSI. Age, underlying diseases and primary infection are the risk factors of BSI. Clinical laboratories should strengthen the etiological monitoring of high-risk patients with BSI, and the resistance analysis of common antibiotics can provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Wuzhishan Callicarpa nudiflora （LHZZ） on the sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） cells to cisplatin （DDP） and the mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the survival rate of NPC HNE1 cells after treatment with different concentration of DDP （0，2，4，8，16，32 mg·L-1） and different concentration of LHZZ （0，25，50，75，100 mg·L-1）. The following groups were designed： control group （normal HNE1 cells），DDP group （8 mg·L-1 DDP，24 h），LHZZ group （50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ + nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） activator sulforaphane （SFN） group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h， 10 μmol·L-1 SFN，24 h）. Then CCK-8 assay was employed to examine cell survival rate，colony formation test the colony-forming ability，flow cytometry and in situ terminal end-labeling（TUNEL） staining cell apoptosis，fluorescent probe 2'，7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate （DCFH-DA） the level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cultured cells，Western blot the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in cells，such as B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2），Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax），and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3），and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element （ARE） mRNA in cells. ResultThe survival rates of cells treated with different concentration of DDP and different concentration of LHZZ decreased compared with that in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the DDP group and the LHZZ group，DDP + LHZZ group demonstrated decrease in cell survival rate，number of cell colonies，and Bcl-2 level，and increase in the apoptosis level and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.05）. However，after the addition of SFN，the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated and the above variation was inhibited （P<0.05）. In addition，the level of intracellular ROS in the LHZZ group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05） and the level in the DDP + LHZZ group was lower than that in the DDP group （P<0.05）. Moreover，the ROS level in the DDP + LHZZ + SFN group was higher than that in the DDP+LHZZ group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLHZZ can enhance the sensitivity of DDP-induced NPC apoptosis，possibly by blocking the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibiting the level of ROS.
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OBJECTIVES@#Gonadal hormone is essential for the health of postmenopausal women, however, few studies have focused on the epidemiological distribution of gonadal hormones in postmenopausal women in very late postmenopausal women. This study aims to investigate and analyze the differences of serum gonadal hormone content and its influential factors among female centenarians in Hainan, China.@*METHODS@#The questionnaire and physical examination data of 741 female centenarians and 401 elderly females in Hainan Province were collected, and venous blood samples were taken to detect the indexes of lipid metabolism, bone metabolism, and gonadal hormone. The differences of gonadal hormones and relavant factors in female centenarians were analyzed and compared.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of estradiol and progesterone of female centenarians were significantly higher than those of the elderly females (both P<0.001). The serum levels of estradiol and testosterone of ethnic minority centenarians were higher than those in Han nationality (P<0.001), and the serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations were relatively higher when the daily activities were more than 10 min (both P<0.05). Serum estradiol concentration was negatively correlated with apolipoprotein A-I, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride and bone formation markers such as calcium, inorganic phosphorus and vitamin D3, and was positively correlated with the special sequence of β-collagen (markers of bone resorption) (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#For the extremely late postmenopausal women (such as centenarians), there may be characteristic expressions of gonadal hormones, especially estradiol. There is an unprotective correlation of serum estradiol with lipid metabolism index and bone metabolism index in female centenarians, so it is necessary to evaluate the estrogen content and the use of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Centenarians , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Estradiol , Estrogens , Ethnicity , Minority Groups , TestosteroneABSTRACT
【Objective】 To establish the reference interval of Thromboelastography(TEG)of healthy adult in Hainan, compare with the interval provided by the manufacturers, and analyze the influencing factors. 【Methods】 A total of 308 healthy adult volunteers were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The TEG was analyzed based on adequate quality control, and the reference interval of each parameter was calculated with 95% CI. 【Results】 The reference interval of these volunteers were R 4.27~9.20 min, K 1.60~3.83 min, Angle 44.22°~67.78°, MA 47.82~64.17 mm, CI -5.63~1.12 and G 4.58~9.03. 14.94% (46/308) of these volunteers had at least one index exceeded the reference interval provided by manufacturers. A total of 74 healthy volunteers were diagnosed with coagulation disorder, with the specificity at 79.22%. Significant differences of R, K, Angle, MA, CI, G were observed between males and females (P<0.05). Hypercoagulability was not associated with the age. 【Conclusion】 This study established a reference interval of TEG of healthy adults in Hainan, which provided reference for related clinical and basic science study.
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@#Abstract: Objective To explore the carrying status of four common deafness genes and mutations on 10 loci in newborns in Hainan, and to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of deafness genes and their loci, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating neonatal deafness gene screening strategy and promoting children's hearing health in Hainan. Methods Newborns born in Hainan from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. The demographic characteristics of the research objects were collected. At the same time, the plantar blood of newborns was collected, and multiplex PCR amplification and directed hybridization combined with high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to detect 10 mutation loci on 4 common deafness genes. T-test or chi square test was used to process the data. Results A total of 7 124 newborns were included in the study through informed consent, 219 cases of deafness gene mutation were detected with the detection rate of deafness gene of 3.07%. The detection rates of GJB2, SLC26A4, MT-RNR1 and GJB3 were 1.56% (111/7 124), 1.18% (84/7 124), 0.21% (15/7 124) and 0.11% (8/7 124) respectively. Among the 10 loci of the four genes, the positive detection rate of c.235delC locus of GJB2 was the highest, which was 1.38% (98/7 124), followed by c.919-2A>G of SLC26A4 (0.87%, 62/7 124); 2.63% (113/4 289) of the newborns who passed the preliminary hearing screening still carried the deafness gene; in terms of gene type, the detection rate of GJB2 gene in newborns who failed the hearing screening was higher than that in newborns who passed the hearing screening [2.23% (63/7 124) vs 1.12% (48/7 124)，P<0.01]; in terms of gene loci, the detection rate of c.235delC locus in newborns who failed hearing screening was higher than that in newborns who passed hearing screening [2.09% (59/7 124) vs 0.91% (39/7 124)，P<0.01]. Conclusion The most common deafness genes types in Hainan were GJB2 and SLC26A4; The most common gene mutation sites were c.235delC and c.919-2A>G; 2.63% of the newborns who passed the preliminary hearing screening still carried the deafness gene, among which the high-risk newborns with MT-RNR1 and GJB3 genes were found. Therefore, hearing screening should be combined with deafness gene screening to improve the detection rate of children at high risk of hearing loss.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of the serum anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province. Methods A total of 1 932 patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract were enrolled in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2019, including 376 esophageal cancer patients, 475 gastric cancer patients, 401 colorectal cancer patients, 427 hepatic cancer patients and 253 pancreatic cancer patients, and 400 healthy people served as controls. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies specific to T. gondii were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence was compared. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was significantly greater in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract than in healthy controls (19.82% vs. 3.75%; χ2 = 60.49, P < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody between patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract and healthy controls (1.09% vs. 0.50%; χ2 = 1.17, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 15.16%, 19.58%, 21.70%, 23.65% and 17.79% in patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was all significantly greater than in healthy controls ( χ2 = 29.97, 50.29, 58.03, 67.85 and 36.59; all P < 0.01); however, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in patients with esophageal cancer (1.06%), gastric cancer (1.47%), colorectal cancer (0.75%), hepatic cancer (1.17%) and pancreatic cancer (0.79%) did not differ from that in healthy controls ( χ2 = 0.80, 2.02, 0.20, 1.11 and 0.21; all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among various types of malignant tumors of the digestive tract ( χ2 = 10.65, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody ( χ2 = 1.33, P > 0.05). Conclusions There is a high seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province, and there is a significant difference in the seroprevalence in terms of the cancer type. It is suggested that the screening for T. gondii infections should be intensified in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract to effective prevent and control the damages to patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract caused by T. gondii infections.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of the serum anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province. Methods A total of 1 932 patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract were enrolled in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2019, including 376 esophageal cancer patients, 475 gastric cancer patients, 401 colorectal cancer patients, 427 hepatic cancer patients and 253 pancreatic cancer patients, and 400 healthy people served as controls. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies specific to T. gondii were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence was compared. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was significantly greater in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract than in healthy controls (19.82% vs. 3.75%; χ2 = 60.49, P < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody between patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract and healthy controls (1.09% vs. 0.50%; χ2 = 1.17, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 15.16%, 19.58%, 21.70%, 23.65% and 17.79% in patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was all significantly greater than in healthy controls ( χ2 = 29.97, 50.29, 58.03, 67.85 and 36.59; all P < 0.01); however, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in patients with esophageal cancer (1.06%), gastric cancer (1.47%), colorectal cancer (0.75%), hepatic cancer (1.17%) and pancreatic cancer (0.79%) did not differ from that in healthy controls ( χ2 = 0.80, 2.02, 0.20, 1.11 and 0.21; all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among various types of malignant tumors of the digestive tract ( χ2 = 10.65, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody ( χ2 = 1.33, P > 0.05). Conclusions There is a high seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province, and there is a significant difference in the seroprevalence in terms of the cancer type. It is suggested that the screening for T. gondii infections should be intensified in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract to effective prevent and control the damages to patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract caused by T. gondii infections.
ABSTRACT
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that are capable of infecting a wide range of animals. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel parvovirus, tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU, in the fecal samples of crocodiles and intestines of tilapia in Hainan province, China. The novel parvovirus was firstly identified from crocodiles fed with tilapia using next-generation sequencing. Screening studies revealed that the prevalence of the novel parvovirus in crocodile feces samples fed on tilapia (75%-86%) was apparently higher than that in crocodiles fed with chicken (4%). Further studies revealed that the prevalence of the novel parvovirus in tilapia feces samples collected at four areas in Hainan province was between 40% and 90%. Four stains of the novel parvovirus were identified in this study based on sequence analyses of NS1 and all the four strains were found in tilapia in contrast only two of them were detected in crocodile feces. These findings proposed a possibility of cross-species transmission of the novel parvovirus from tilapia to crocodile. The nearly full-length genome sequence of the tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU was determined and showed less than 28.3% and 25% amino acid identify with other members of Parvoviridae in NS1 and VP1 genes respectively. Phylogenetic analysis base on the NS1 and VP1 amino acid sequences showed that it was most closely related to members of the novel genus Chapparvovirus which did not belong to subfamily Parvovirinae nor Densovirinae. Tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU formed an independent branch with Chapparvovirus and separated from it in the deep root of the phylogenetic tree. This indicated that the tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU and Chapparvovirus viruses may had a common ancestor and they independently evolved in their natural hosts. The identification of tilapia parvovirus HMU-HKU provides further insight into the viral and genetic diversity of parvoviruses and its infections in tilapia populations need to be evaluated in terms of pathogenicity and production losses in tilapia farming.
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Objective: To assess the infection status of Cryptosporidium spp. in the four common species of farmed animal (pigs, cattle, goats and geese) in the Hainan Island of China, followed by molecular characterization of the parasite. Methods: During March to July 2019, 864 DNA were extracted from the fecal samples of 188 pigs, 341 goats, 130 cattle, and 169 geese which were collectd from four, five, six, and three cities of the Hainan Province, China, respectively. The species/genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium were identified by employing nested-PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes of the parasite, respectively. Results: Cryptosporidium was identified in 68 (7.9%) out of 864 animals, with 45 (13.2%) goats, 13 (6.9%) pigs, 4 (3.1%) cattle, and 6 (3.6%) geese. Cryptosporidium (C.) xiaoi (n=24) and C. ubiqutium (n=21) were identified in goats; C. suis (n=7) and C. scrofarum (n=6) in pigs; C. parvum (n=3) and C. occultus (n=1) in cattle; and C. baileyi (n=1) and Cryptosporidium goose genotype I(n=3) in geese. The 21 C. ubiqutium isolates shared a same subtype XII a, and the subtype of three C. parvum was II dA15G1. Conclusions: We present for the prevalence of the Cryptosporidium in cattle, goats, pigs and geese from the Hainan Island of China for the first time. The molecular characterization of the Cryptosporidium isolates obtained here propose that the goats, cattle and pigs are potential sources of C. ubiqutium, C. parvum, and C. suis infections, in humans.
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Objective: To report a case of aural myiasis in an infant and molecular identification of larva species. Methods: A larva was extricated from left external auditory canal of an infant in the Neonatal Department of the People's Hospital of Baisha County, Hainan Province on 25 June 2019. The larva was placed in 70% alcohol and sent to the Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hainan Medical University. The morphological characters of larva was observed under stereoscopic microscope. The genomic DNA of the larva was extracted and amplified by PCR targeting mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Diptera, then the PCR product was sequenced and analyzed. Results: A 5-day-old male infant with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia became suddenly irritable. Physical examination found bleeding of the left external auditory canal. A larva about 1.0 cm×0.2 cm was found in the left external auditory canal when the left ear was cleaned with saline. The infant was transferred to Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center for further examination. Otoscopic examination found that the right external auditory canal was normal, with a small amount of yellow secretion and intact tympanic membrane. However, the left ear canal was slightly swollen, with a small amount of yellow secretion and no obvious perforation of the tympanic membrane. The child was discharged after four days of treatment with appropriate medication. Morphological characteristics observed by stereoscopic microscope implied that larva was the maggot of Sarcophaga sp. PCR amplification and sequencing analyses confirmed that the larva was Sarcophaga (S.) peregrina. The sequence exhibited 100% homology with the S. peregrina c oxidase subunit 1 gene (GenBank No. AF259509.1). Conclusions: This is the first report of an infant with aural myiasis in Hainan Province. The molecular characteristics suggest that the aural myiasis was caused by S. peregrina. One of the factors causing infant arual myasis might be residual amniotic fluid in the external auditory canal of the newborn.